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1.
Gastroenterol. hepatol. (Ed. impr.) ; 41(9): 585-596, nov. 2018.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-178127

RESUMO

Este documento actualiza las recomendaciones realizadas por la Sociedad Española de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria y la Asociación Española de Gastroenterología para el diagnóstico y la prevención del cáncer colorrectal (CCR). Para establecer la calidad de la evidencia y los niveles de recomendación de las intervenciones se ha utilizado la metodología basada en el sistema GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation). Este documento establece intervalos de demora óptimos en función de los síntomas y el test de SOH inmunológico (SOHi) y recomienda reducir las barreras para la confirmación diagnóstica en los pacientes con síntomas. En cuanto al cribado en población de riesgo medio, se proponen estrategias para conseguir la implantación universal del cribado poblacional basado en SOHi bienal e incrementar la participación de la población diana, incluyendo la implicación de atención primaria. Esta guía de práctica clínica recomienda el cribado universal del síndrome de Lynch mediante la inmunohistoquímica de las proteínas reparadoras o la inestabilidad de microsatélites en los CCR incidentes y el uso de paneles de genes en los pacientes con poliposis adenomatosas. También actualiza las estrategias para reducir la incidencia y la mortalidad tanto de CCR como de otros tumores asociados a los síndromes hereditarios. En cuanto al CCR familiar no hereditario y la vigilancia tras resección de CCR, adenomas y lesiones serradas, se establecen recomendaciones en función del riesgo atribuible y la reducción del riesgo de la intervención propuesta. Finalmente, en el documento se incluyen recomendaciones respecto a los intervalos de vigilancia en la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal y la actitud ante la displasia


This document updates the recommendations made by the Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine and the Spanish Association of Gastroenterology for the diagnosis and prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC). In order to evaluate the quality of the evidence and determine the recommendation levels of the interventions, we used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. This document establishes optimal delay intervals based on symptoms and the faecal immunochemical test (FIT) and recommends reducing the barriers for diagnostic confirmation in symptomatic subjects. With regard to CRC screening in the average-risk population, we propose strategies to achieve the universal implementation of organised CRC screening programmes based on biennial FIT and to increase the participation of the target population, including the involvement of Primary Healthcare. This Clinical Practice Guideline recommends universal screening for Lynch syndrome with mismatch repair proteins immunohistochemistry or microsatellite instability in incident CRCs and the use of gene panels in patients with adenomatous polyposis. It also updates the strategies to reduce the incidence and mortality of both CRC and other tumours associated with hereditary syndromes. Regarding non-hereditary familial CRC and surveillance after resection of adenomas, serrated lesions or CRC, we established the recommendations based on the attributable risk and the risk reduction of the proposed intervention. Finally, the document includes recommendations regarding surveillance intervals in inflammatory bowel disease and the attitude towards dysplasia


Assuntos
Humanos , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Polipose Adenomatosa do Colo/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais Hereditárias sem Polipose/genética , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias Colorretais/prevenção & controle , Saúde de Grupos Específicos , Neoplasias Colorretais/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Síndrome de Lynch II/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Lynch II/prevenção & controle
2.
Surg Pathol Clin ; 9(2): 307-28, 2016 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27241111

RESUMO

Hereditary breast ovarian cancer and Lynch/hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome account for most hereditary gynecologic cancers. In the absence of effective cancer screening and other preventative strategies, risk-reducing surgery in women who are known to be at genetic risk of BRCA-associated or of Lynch syndrome carcinomas is effective in significantly decreasing the lifetime risk of developing malignancy. Reflex genomic testing of high-grade ovarian cancers and reflex immunohistochemistry in endometrial cancers will lead to greater recognition of germline-associated cancers. Approaches to processing surgical specimens, the recognition and classification of cancer precursor lesions, and differentiation from their mimics are discussed.


Assuntos
Síndrome Hereditária de Câncer de Mama e Ovário/prevenção & controle , Síndrome de Lynch II/prevenção & controle , Proteína BRCA2/genética , Neoplasias do Endométrio/genética , Neoplasias do Endométrio/patologia , Neoplasias do Endométrio/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Síndrome Hereditária de Câncer de Mama e Ovário/diagnóstico , Síndrome Hereditária de Câncer de Mama e Ovário/genética , Síndrome Hereditária de Câncer de Mama e Ovário/patologia , Humanos , Histerectomia , Síndrome de Lynch II/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Lynch II/genética , Síndrome de Lynch II/patologia , Mutação , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/prevenção & controle , Ovariectomia , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/diagnóstico , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/cirurgia , Salpingectomia/métodos , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/genética
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